- Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco, Sociology, Faculty Memberadd
- Khalid Mouna is an anthropologist, professor at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities Moulay Ismail, Meknes. He is teach... moreKhalid Mouna is an anthropologist, professor at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities Moulay Ismail, Meknes. He is teaching at the Master “Crossing the Mediterranean: towards Investment and Integration (MIM)” at the University of Ca'Foscari in Venice, and has been a Visiting Professor for the IISMM Chair at EHESS Paris, research fellowship at the IEA Nantes and at the University Paul Valery Montpellier III, and has been a Visiting Professor in Porto University. He is a member of the scientific committee of the review Espace-Temps and the review FuoriLuog. His research publications focus on cannabis, social changes, migrations, and post-Arab Spring-social mobilization. He is the author of tree books on the Rif: Le bled du kif. Economy and power at the Ketama of Rif, Paris, Ibis Press, 2010 and Identity of the margin. Anthropological Approach of the Rif, Brussels, Peter Lang, 2018. Le Bled du Kif. Anthropological and socio-economic approach from the 10th century to the present day. Casablanca, Afrique Orient, 2018. He co-edited the book: Moroccan Lands. In the footsteps of researchers from here and elsewhere, La Croisée des Chemins, Casablanca, CJB / CNRS (Publication Award AUF). He has lead several international research programs, and is a member of many European research programs.edit
C’est à partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche en sciences sociales. Le Hirak est un concept sociologique qui marque le « ras-le-bol » social, politique et... more
C’est à partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche en sciences sociales. Le Hirak est un concept sociologique qui marque le « ras-le-bol » social, politique et économique. Le mot Hirak prend ici la dimension d’un mouvement qui cible à faire bouger les lignes politiques. Il signifie également une manifestation active contre le sommeil et l’immobilisme politique et économique. L’importance de ce terme se constate à travers sa reprise par d’autres mouvements en Algérie et en Tunisie, il est devenu le symbole d’une expression politique de la marge.
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Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the... more
Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the territory, is posed with acuteness in the territories of cannabis production, whether in Tlata de Ketama or in the commune of Raya Suahal. Thus, activists blocked the departure of a military helicopter in 2017 as a sign of protest against the annexation of agricultural lands used by cultivators of cannabis. With the legalization of cannabis, the land issue arises as a condition for legal production of therapeutic and industrial cannabis. This paper seeks to explore the triangular relationship between cannabis, territory and land in the central Rif: it analyzes the aspects of this triangulation which engage the success of the legalization of cannabis for both therapeutic and industrial purposes.
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Since 2002, religious teaching in Morocco has undergone major transformation and pedagogical restructuring led by the Ministry of Endowments (Habous) and Islamic Affairs. In certain regions such as the north of the country and the Sous,... more
Since 2002, religious teaching in Morocco has undergone major transformation and pedagogical restructuring led by the Ministry of Endowments (Habous) and Islamic Affairs. In certain regions such as the north of the country and the Sous, this teaching appears much more rooted than in other regions. Thus, among the Jbala of the Western Rif, the fuqhā occupy a symbolic place and the memorization of the Koran is part of a local identity and socio-cultural framework. Based on ethnographic work, this article describes the processes of Koran memorization among the Jbala and shows how the Jbala are convinced that they are heirs to a tradition of memorization of the Koran. Beyond a socio-cultural dimension, the ta’līm al ‘atîq (traditional teaching) offers balance to a society that has devoted itself to the accumulation of wealth from the cannabis economy.
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This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not... more
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
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This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not... more
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
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Arab Spring
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politique et cannabis au Maroc, policy and cannabis in Morocco
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migration au Maroc
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The report sets out valuable data, figures and information regarding violent extremism in their specific contexts, and provide a brief overview of the main policies, strategies and initiatives regarding Prevention/Countering Violent... more
The report sets out valuable data, figures and information regarding violent extremism in their specific contexts, and provide a brief overview of the main policies, strategies and initiatives regarding Prevention/Countering Violent Extremism in the country. Moreover, it also identifies the most relevant stakeholders in the field, both as source and target of such past and current visions and actions.
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The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights.... more
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process and is the context that the EU enters as an external player. Its presence is perceived as ambivalent, even neocolonial; its practices are not seen as supportive of the local fight for democracy, but as a source to use by emerging players, which is evidence of the competition for resources among the different actors in Morocco’s political system.
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This paper examines gender relations in the cannabis production area. This is an ethnographic work that starts from a case study and goes up in generality.
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Le Maroc a connu depuis 2011 une mobilisation sociale qui a provoqué un changement politique ; cette mobilisation se poursuit aujourd’hui à travers les différentes formes de Hirak : Rif, Jrada, boycott. Ces nouvelles mobilisations sont... more
Le Maroc a connu depuis 2011 une mobilisation sociale qui a provoqué un changement politique ; cette mobilisation se poursuit aujourd’hui à travers les différentes formes de Hirak : Rif, Jrada, boycott. Ces nouvelles mobilisations sont riches en enseignements sur le changement produit au sein de la société marocaine, mais elles nous poussent aussi à réfléchir sur les modalités permettant de penser la pratique des sciences sociales au Maroc. Ce papier tente d’ouvrir le débat sur ce sujet.
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his article focuses on a fieldwork study we conducted on the Rif society, more precisely on the question of power. As the culture of kif and its derivatives has emerged and developed, the socio-economic connections have been deeply... more
his article focuses on a fieldwork study we conducted on the Rif society, more precisely on the question of power. As the culture of kif and its derivatives has emerged and developed, the socio-economic connections have been deeply changed. So have the values of honour and baraka, which were traditionally the foundation of power, symbolically built on lands and women, forbidden domains. What are the social consequences of this internationalisation of the kif economy ? How is the new power in the actual Rif ? This is what this article deals with, by analysing the new social hierarchy in general and the baznass group in particular, a new social class trying to rule a society where the symbolic basis has been chased by the material one.
Keywords: Mouna, Rif, Power, Economy, Cannabis
Keywords: Mouna, Rif, Power, Economy, Cannabis
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Etude sur la migration espagnole et subsaharienne à Tanger
Association Marocaine d'Etudes et de Recherches sur les Migrations (AMERM
Association Marocaine d'Etudes et de Recherches sur les Migrations (AMERM
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Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par... more
Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par notre étude, la migration constitue un moyen de s'intégrer dans des réseaux transnationaux et ainsi d'entamer une carrière de beznass (commerçant du cannabis). Ce parcours « initiatique » permet à ces jeunes de revenir au bled avec de nouvelles idées, des moyens accrus, et de jouer un rôle actif dans l'économie locale-qui reste pour eux focalisée sur la production de cannabis, cette dernière restant néanmoins officiellement interdite.
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This paper focuses on the Ketama tribe in Central Morocco and their role in the production of kif and its derivates in the economical activity of the region. Its purpose is to present an anthropological point of view on the relationship... more
This paper focuses on the Ketama tribe in Central Morocco and their role in the production of kif and its derivates in the economical activity of the region. Its purpose is to present an anthropological point of view on the relationship between religion and cannabis. How can it be explained that in a country ruled by a religious monarchy, the production of cannabis flourishes ? First, this paper analyses the Ketama tribe’s relation with religion, taking into consideration the impact of kif production on the religions structure. And second, it questions the religious process which has allowed the Ketama to put aside any religious interdictions on cannabis.
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Dans cet ouvrage collectif, des réflexions sur des expériences de terrain ethnographique se croisent pour nous livrer les différents contextes de production des données et les stratégies mobilisées par les chercheurs en fonction de leur... more
Dans cet ouvrage collectif, des réflexions sur des expériences de terrain ethnographique se croisent pour nous livrer les différents contextes de production des données et les stratégies mobilisées par les chercheurs en fonction de leur thématique et de leur positionnement sur le terrain. Les différents chercheurs qui ont contribué à ce livre proviennent de différentes disciplines et ont en commun le fait d'avoir privilégié l'approche ethnographique pour recueillir leurs données de recherche.
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En 2011 el Movimiento 20 de febrero hizo un llamamiento a la ciudadanía marroquí para ocupar las calles y reclamar cambios políticos. Centenares de miles de personas se manifestaron durante meses, en el contexto de la Primavera Árabe que... more
En 2011 el Movimiento 20 de febrero hizo un llamamiento a la ciudadanía marroquí para ocupar las calles y reclamar cambios políticos. Centenares de miles de personas se manifestaron durante meses, en el contexto de la Primavera Árabe que modificó la fisonomía de toda la región. Desde entonces ha crecido el interés por desentrañar las causas de las tensiones políticas y de las formas de protesta y rebelión en el Magreb. La presente obra ofrece una nueva perspectiva planteando la necesidad de ir más allá de la historia reciente de Marruecos y de mostrar la evolución de la movilización social desde la época colonial hasta la actualidad. Un siglo de movilización social en Marruecos presenta una variada selección de estudios de caso analizados por especialistas de diversas disciplinas. Partiendo de unas preguntas comunes, los diferentes capítulos muestran divergencias y similitudes, cambios y continuidades para determinar los factores que conformaron la movilización, los actores sociales que la protagonizaron, la reacción de las autoridades y los efectos que todo ello tuvo sobre el régimen de poder. El trabajo permite concluir la existencia de ciclos de protesta, de factores locales específicos y de factores estructurales que conforman la acción colectiva en formas tan diversas como los levantamientos tribales, las luchas nacionalistas anticoloniales, las protestas obreras, las reivindicaciones de sectores religiosos, las revueltas de la población desheredada urbana, o las manifestaciones políticas contra las élites del país.
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ce travail reviens sur le terrain du cannabis, comment enquêter dans un milieu sensible. L'auteur reviens sur ses premiers terrains ethnographique au sein de la population de Ketama du Rif
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Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirak actors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirak actors, to express the relationship to the... more
Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirak actors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirak actors, to express the relationship to the protest memory of the Rif. This memory does not present a logical sequence of events, but rather operates as a rhetorical approach to the past where the real and the imaginary move as elements that constantly shapes the "market of memory". As such, this paper seeks to capture the movements of inversion from a heroic Rif to a victimized Rif, and vice versa. We will show how the Hirak serves to renew memory, and how actors renew their action by making memory dynamic.
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This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the trajectory by mobilizing the concept of becoming in three distinct phases: becoming addicted, becoming sick, and becoming a patient.... more
This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the trajectory by mobilizing the concept of becoming in three distinct phases: becoming addicted, becoming sick, and becoming a patient. Starting from the practices and discourses of the actors, we seek to understand how individuals think about their addiction, and the place of their local culture in their self-definitions. The term “junkie” is used by the users to qualify their practice and social conditions, as a kind of auto-stigma. We also explore how heroin users pragmatically adhere to the medical approach to re-establish their link to society, defining themselves as sick, and then as a patient. “Becoming” is a vanishing line in the sense of Deleuze and Guattari, a dynamic of social exclusion that offers possibilities of resistance. This work shows the ability of this population to bend the rules, but also to reinvest the codes of society to recreate a new “becoming” [Morocco, addicti...
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Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirakactors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirakactors, to express the relationship... more
Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirakactors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirakactors, to express the relationship to the protest memory of the Rif. This memory does not present a logical sequence of events, but rather operates as a rhetorical approach to the past where the real and the imaginary move as elements that constantly shapes the "market of memory". As such, this paper seeks to capturethe movements of inversion from a heroic Rif to a victimized Rif, and vice versa. We will show how the Hirakserves to renew memory, and how actors renew their action by making memory dynamic.
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This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the trajectory by mobilizing the concept of becoming in three distinct phases: becoming addicted, becoming sick, and becoming a patient.... more
This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the trajectory by mobilizing the concept of becoming in three distinct phases: becoming addicted, becoming sick, and becoming a patient. Starting from the practices and discourses of the actors, we seek to understand how individuals think about their addiction, and the place of their local culture in their self-definitions. The term “junkie” is used by the users to qualify their practice and social conditions, as a kind of auto-stigma. We also explore how heroin users pragmatically adhere to the medical approach to re-establish their link to society, defining themselves as sick, and then as a patient. “Becoming” is a vanishing line in the sense of Deleuze and Guattari, a dynamic of social exclusion that offers possibilities of resistance. This work shows the ability of this population to bend the rules, but also to reinvest the codes of society to recreate a new “becoming”
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The body does not escape the social condition that builds it, bearing, there is no condition proper to the body. It is from changing body conditions that Lalla Aicha's ritual finds its meaning. Contrary to the analysis of Bourdieu... more
The body does not escape the social condition that builds it, bearing, there is no condition proper to the body. It is from changing body conditions that Lalla Aicha's ritual finds its meaning. Contrary to the analysis of Bourdieu who perceives the rite of legitimation or consecration as a kind of demarcation line and social oppositions, such as masculine / feminine as being the symbols of the sun and the moon, Lalla Aïcha and rituals that accompany it function as the vectors of a fusion but also an ambivalence. The knowledge of the body passes through the myth and rite that are granted to Lalla Aicha that allows to attribute an identity to a body socially and religiously suspicious. The myths around Aicha play a dynamic and liberating role of the body. The strength of myths lies in the ability to be incorporated into the creation of a collective memory that reflects a group's point of view about itself, but also the way this group perceives the outside world. This contribution aims to analyze the course of suspicious bodies, bodies in search of sexual identity; it is based on an approach that focuses more on the experience and experience of actors in relation to the visible world and the invisible world.
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Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the... more
Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the territory, is posed with acuteness in the territories of cannabis production, whether in Tlata de Ketama or in the commune of Raya Suahal. Thus, activists blocked the departure of a military helicopter in 2017 as a sign of protest against the annexation of agricultural lands used by cultivators of cannabis. With the legalization of cannabis, the land issue arises as a condition for legal production of therapeutic and industrial cannabis. This paper seeks to explore the triangular relationship between cannabis, territory and land in the central Rif: it analyzes the aspects of this triangulation which engage the success of the legalization of cannabis for both therapeutic and industrial purposes.
Research Interests:
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not... more
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
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The Moroccan political system is based on a diversity of actors: the urban bourgeoisie, peasantry, the state workers, etc. But, among its components, there are also unemployed graduates. This paper will show how they have been divided... more
The Moroccan political system is based on a diversity of actors: the urban bourgeoisie, peasantry, the state workers, etc. But, among its components, there are also unemployed graduates. This paper will show how they have been divided into several groups since the late 1990s, each group defined by its interests and degrees. Beyond these specificities, all these groups share the same aim: they want access to employment, more specifically to civil service positions. This article analyzes these two aspects through the use of public space during protest movements by unemployed graduates.
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André Sylvie Université de Polynésie Française, Papeete Argyriadis Kali IRD, URMIS, Paris Arthus Weibert Université d’État d’Haïti Bardy Yannick Université de Lille Basu Raj Sekhar University of Calcutta Baumgartner Lesage Heidy... more
André Sylvie Université de Polynésie Française, Papeete Argyriadis Kali IRD, URMIS, Paris Arthus Weibert Université d’État d’Haïti Bardy Yannick Université de Lille Basu Raj Sekhar University of Calcutta Baumgartner Lesage Heidy Service de la culture et du patrimoine, Tahiti Beaujard Philippe CNRS, Institut des Mondes Africains, Paris Béligand Nadine Université de Lyon 2 Bernand Carmen Université Paris Nanterre Bertho Elara CNRS, LAM, Bordeaux Bhattacharya France Inalco, Paris Bhaumik Suda..
Le Maroc est probablement l’un des pays d’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen Orient les plus étudiés par les sciences sociales et humaines. Motivée par la diversité objective du pays, cette faveur n’en demeure pas moins ambiguë, en ce qu’elle a... more
Le Maroc est probablement l’un des pays d’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen Orient les plus étudiés par les sciences sociales et humaines. Motivée par la diversité objective du pays, cette faveur n’en demeure pas moins ambiguë, en ce qu’elle a contribué à consacrer l’antinomie tradition/modernité. À rebours de ce cliché, Le Maroc au présent expose plusieurs facettes des tensions qui traversent la société marocaine et montre qu’elles ne sont ni figées ni subies par les gens. En multipliant les approches en sciences humaines et sociales, cet ouvrage examine, notamment à partir d’observations de terrain, les transformations qui se sont produites ce dernier quart de siècle, à tous les niveaux. Pour donner à connaître, du plus près possible, le Maroc d’aujourd’hui, l’ouvrage propose une variété de regards croisés, souvent personnalisés, sur les processus sociaux, dans leurs expressions les plus variées. En cela, Le Maroc au présent se veut beaucoup plus un ouvrage d’exploration qu’un simple livre de synthèse. De par la pluralité disciplinaire des contributeurs et la diversité des terrains explorés, il est un état de la recherche sur le Maroc contemporain, fait à partir du Maroc
Research Interests: Religion, Sociology, Sociologie, Langues, Anthropologie, and 12 moreChangement Social, Politique, His, Société, Cultures, Droit, Ville, Territoire, Hbjh, économie, Femme, and Rapports sociaux
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights.... more
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process and is the context that the EU enters as an external player. Its presence is perceived as ambivalent, even neocolonial; its practices are not seen as supportive of the local fight for democracy, but as a source to use by emerging playe...
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La crise du coronavirus, de par sa fulgurance et son ampleur, a fait entrer le Maroc, comme l’ensemble des pays d’Afrique du Nord, dans une situation historiquement inédite, demandant de nouvelles politiques économiques et sociales, et... more
La crise du coronavirus, de par sa fulgurance et son ampleur, a fait entrer le Maroc, comme l’ensemble
des pays d’Afrique du Nord, dans une situation historiquement inédite, demandant de nouvelles
politiques économiques et sociales, et avant cela, l’adoption de nouveaux outils de réflexion et
d’analyse. Les problématiques relatives à la migration internationale en général, et à celle des
compétences en particulier, n’échappent pas à cette règle. Il est donc plus que nécessaire de ne pas
passer sous silence cette réalité lorsqu’on aborde le paradigme des compétences et plus précisément
celui de la diaspora scientifique.
des pays d’Afrique du Nord, dans une situation historiquement inédite, demandant de nouvelles
politiques économiques et sociales, et avant cela, l’adoption de nouveaux outils de réflexion et
d’analyse. Les problématiques relatives à la migration internationale en général, et à celle des
compétences en particulier, n’échappent pas à cette règle. Il est donc plus que nécessaire de ne pas
passer sous silence cette réalité lorsqu’on aborde le paradigme des compétences et plus précisément
celui de la diaspora scientifique.
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How does the body build itself as a form of social boundary? This is the central question that this work seeks to study. From the rites of inversion in a ritual ceremony organized every year in the region of Meknès in Morocco, we could... more
How does the body build itself as a form of social boundary? This is the central question that this work seeks to study. From the rites of inversion in a ritual ceremony organized every year in the region of Meknès in Morocco, we could observe from our perspective how the body becomes a social issue. A body charged with symbols, which continues to act upon the forms of social exclusion. The purpose of this work is to grasp the empirical character of symbolic body practices, and to account for the variety of forms of its social and cultural uses.
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The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights.... more
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process. This is the context that the EU enters as an external player. How is it perceived by grassroots actors, and what role could it play to become a true partner towards democracy?
Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par... more
Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par notre étude, la migration constitue un moyen de s'intégrer dans des réseaux transnationaux et ainsi d'entamer une carrière de beznass (commerçant du cannabis). Ce parcours « initiatique » permet à ces jeunes de revenir au bled avec de nouvelles idées, des moyens accrus, et de jouer un rôle actif dans l'économie locale-qui reste pour eux focalisée sur la production de cannabis, cette dernière restant néanmoins officiellement interdite.
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La 8eme seance du seminaire interdisciplinaire de la Chaire d’etudes mediterraneennes « FRONTIERES, SOCIETES ET DROIT EN MOUVEMENT : DYNAMIQUES AUTOUR DES MOBILITES EN MEDITERRANEE », est intitulee « Mobilites, « integration » et marches... more
La 8eme seance du seminaire interdisciplinaire de la Chaire d’etudes mediterraneennes « FRONTIERES, SOCIETES ET DROIT EN MOUVEMENT : DYNAMIQUES AUTOUR DES MOBILITES EN MEDITERRANEE », est intitulee « Mobilites, « integration » et marches de l’emploi en Mediterranee ». Elle s’est tenue le 2 juin 2017 a la MMSH, Aix-en-Provence. Elle a reuni : * Ivan Martin, economiste, European University Institute, Florence, « Du gagnant-gagnant au perdant-perdant: les reponses aux defis de l’emploi, la migration du travail et l’integration a travers de la Mediterranee depuis 20 ans » * Khalid Mouna, anthropologue, U. Moulay Ismael, Meknes, « Tanger ville frontiere : circulation, travail et integration ».
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Quelle place occupent encore les rituels de guerison dans la construction du pouvoir au Maroc ? De quelle maniere les pratiques liees aux rituels de guerison interviennent-elles dans la formation de l’autorite mystique, politique et... more
Quelle place occupent encore les rituels de guerison dans la construction du pouvoir au Maroc ? De quelle maniere les pratiques liees aux rituels de guerison interviennent-elles dans la formation de l’autorite mystique, politique et therapeutique dans ce pays ? Comment [...]
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Résumé Cet article se penche sur la culture du kif dans le Rif central du Maroc, région mal connue des anthropologues. Pour notre travail de terrain, nous avons choisi les Ketama, en raison de l’omniprésence de la culture du kif et de ses... more
Résumé Cet article se penche sur la culture du kif dans le Rif central du Maroc, région mal connue des anthropologues. Pour notre travail de terrain, nous avons choisi les Ketama, en raison de l’omniprésence de la culture du kif et de ses dérivés dans l’activité économique de cette tribu. Dans cet article, nous engageons une réflexion historique sur la légitimité religieuse de la culture du kif. Comment, dans un pays dirigé par une institution religieuse, la culture du kif résiste-t-elle ? Nous analysons, dans un premier temps, le rapport des Ketama avec la religion en prenant en considération l’impact de la culture du kif sur la structure religieuse et, dans un second temps, nous interrogeons le processus religieux qui a permis aux Ketama d’écarter l’interdiction religieuse de la culture du kif.
C'est à partir de l'analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche en sciences sociales. Le Hirak est un concept sociologique qui marque le « ras-le-bol » social, politique... more
C'est à partir de l'analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche en sciences sociales. Le Hirak est un concept sociologique qui marque le « ras-le-bol » social, politique et économique. Le mot Hirak prend ici la dimension d'un mouvement qui cible à faire bouger les lignes politiques. Il signifie également une manifestation active contre le sommeil et l'immobilisme politique et économique. L'importance de ce terme se constate à travers sa reprise par d'autres mouvements en Algérie et en Tunisie – il est devenu le symbole d'une expression politique de la marge. Depuis 2011, avec l'apparition du mouvement du 20 février[1], la mobilisation sociale au Maroc a pris une nouvelle dimension. Elle est plus jeune ; elle s'inscrit dans la continuité du mouvement du 20 février et mobilise les réseaux sociaux. L'esprit du mouvement du 20 févier a d'ailleurs été présent lors du Hirak du Rif, qui ...
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Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par... more
Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par notre étude, la migration constitue un moyen de s'intégrer dans des réseaux transnationaux et ainsi d'entamer une carrière de beznass (commerçant du cannabis). Ce parcours « initiatique » permet à ces jeunes de revenir au bled avec de nouvelles idées, des moyens accrus, et de jouer un rôle actif dans l'économie locale-qui reste pour eux focalisée sur la production de cannabis, cette dernière restant néanmoins officiellement interdite.
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Le cannabis1 est cultive depuis plusieurs siecles dans le Rif central au Maroc, lequel s’etend sur environ 20 000 [...]
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C’est a partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de presenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche [...]
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Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par... more
Cet article analyse le parcours migratoire des jeunes ruraux originaires des zones de production du cannabis, jeunes qui cherchent à briser les chaînes de soumission et d'humiliation vécues au quotidien. Pour les jeunes concernés par notre étude, la migration constitue un moyen de s'intégrer dans des réseaux transnationaux et ainsi d'entamer une carrière de beznass (commerçant du cannabis). Ce parcours « initiatique » permet à ces jeunes de revenir au bled avec de nouvelles idées, des moyens accrus, et de jouer un rôle actif dans l'économie locale-qui reste pour eux focalisée sur la production de cannabis, cette dernière restant néanmoins officiellement interdite.
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Based on an ethnographic survey on cannabis cultivation in Morocco, this article examines the emergence of economic, political, and associative elites in a marginalized space strongly marked by illegalism. The article also analyzes the... more
Based on an ethnographic survey on cannabis cultivation in Morocco, this article examines the emergence of economic, political, and associative elites in a marginalized space strongly marked by illegalism. The article also analyzes the relationships between these different actors with farmers at different levels (during an election campaign, during a meeting, and in the media field), in order to better understand the complexity of the debate on the legalization of cannabis in the Moroccan context
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Desde os anos 80, o cenário do uso ilegal de drogas mudou no Marrocos. Isso ocorreu através da introdução de novos medicamentos e novos modos de consumo. A posição geográfica de Marrocos contribuiu ativamente para facilitar o... more
Desde os anos 80, o cenário do uso ilegal de drogas mudou no Marrocos. Isso ocorreu através da introdução de novos medicamentos e novos modos de consumo. A posição geográfica de Marrocos contribuiu ativamente para facilitar o trânsito de cocaína de Sahel; heroína que chega pelos dois enclaves de Sebta e Melilla; e psicotrópicos da Europa ou em trânsito na Argélia. Os anos 2000 foram marcados pela “democratização” de certas drogas, com a chegada maciça de cocaína e heroína em Marrocos, que até então estava reservada a uma clientela mais abastada. Assim, a “kahla / heroína”, introduzida no norte a um preço de cerca de 20 dirhams (2 euros) por grama, gerou um número considerável de usuários de drogas injetáveis. Usando a cidade de Tânger como espaço de trabalho, este artigo tenta entender o processo do vício em heroína e tenta responder às seguintes perguntas: como as pessoas se tornam viciadas? Como é romper o vínculo social? Como eles experimentam a p...
En s’appuyant sur un travail de terrain, cet article revient sur la question du pouvoir dans la société rifaine. L’émergence de l’économie du kif et de ses dérivés dans le Rif central a bouleversé les rapports socioéconomiques de cette... more
En s’appuyant sur un travail de terrain, cet article revient sur la question du pouvoir dans la société rifaine. L’émergence de l’économie du kif et de ses dérivés dans le Rif central a bouleversé les rapports socioéconomiques de cette société. Les valeurs du passé qui constituaient les fondements du pouvoir – l’honneur et la baraka comme capital symbolique qui se bâtissent autour de l’appropriation des terres et des femmes comme domaines de l’interdit – ont changé avec l’arrivée de l’économie du kif qui a permis l’ouverture du Rif vers le marché mondial. Cette ouverture n’est pas sans conséquence sur la structure sociale. Comment se présente le nouveau pouvoir dans le Rif actuel ? C’est la question que pose cet article en analysant la nouvelle hiérarchie sociale engendrée par la spécialisation dans la monoculture du kif et par l’apparition d’une classe, celle des baznassas, qui cherche le contrôle du pouvoir dans une société où le capital symbolique a été remplacé par le capital ma...
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Résumé Nous souhaitons présenter dans cet article une réflexion anthropologique sur le Rif du Maroc. En effet, l’anthropologie maghrébine en général, et marocaine en particulier, est restée fortement marquée par les grands courants... more
Résumé Nous souhaitons présenter dans cet article une réflexion anthropologique sur le Rif du Maroc. En effet, l’anthropologie maghrébine en général, et marocaine en particulier, est restée fortement marquée par les grands courants anthropologiques malgré des évolutions sociologiques récentes. Partant de la présentation des travaux de Hart et Jamous, cet article cherche à interroger cet héritage, toujours perceptible dans les études consacrées à la société maghrébine. À partir d’une lecture de notre matériel de terrain relatif à la société Ketama du Rif central, dont la principale activité économique réside dans la culture du cannabis et de ses dérivés, nous proposons ici une analyse de la société rifaine à partir de la démarche khaldounienne afin de nous atteler à une autre approche de l’anthropologie du Rif et du Maghreb.
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Résumé Nous souhaitons présenter dans cet article une réflexion anthropologique sur le Rif du Maroc. En effet, l’anthropologie maghrébine en général, et marocaine en particulier, est restée fortement marquée par les grands courants... more
Résumé Nous souhaitons présenter dans cet article une réflexion anthropologique sur le Rif du Maroc. En effet, l’anthropologie maghrébine en général, et marocaine en particulier, est restée fortement marquée par les grands courants anthropologiques malgré des évolutions sociologiques récentes. Partant de la présentation des travaux de Hart et Jamous, cet article cherche à interroger cet héritage, toujours perceptible dans les études consacrées à la société maghrébine. À partir d’une lecture de notre matériel de terrain relatif à la société Ketama du Rif central, dont la principale activité économique réside dans la culture du cannabis et de ses dérivés, nous proposons ici une analyse de la société rifaine à partir de la démarche khaldounienne afin de nous atteler à une autre approche de l’anthropologie du Rif et du Maghreb.
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Ce travail étudier la migration subsaharienne au Maroc, à partir de campement de Fès, et le processus de boza. Il s'agit d'une enquête ethnographique après des acteurs afin de comprendre comment l'espace de la migration se construit.
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Since the 1980s, the landscape of illegal drug use has changed in Morocco. This has come about through the introduction of new drugs and new modes of consumption. Morocco's geographical position has actively contributed to facilitating... more
Since the 1980s, the landscape of illegal drug use has changed in Morocco. This has come about through the introduction of new drugs and new modes of consumption. Morocco's geographical position has actively contributed to facilitating the transit of cocaine from the Sahel; heroin arriving through the two enclaves of Sebta and Melilla; and psychotropic drugs from Europe or those transiting through Algeria. The 2000s were marked by the "democratization" of certain drugs with the massive arrival in Morocco of cocaine and heroin, which had until then been reserved for a wealthy clientele. Thus "kahla/heroin", introduced in the north at a price of around 20 dirhams (2 Euros) per gram, generated a considerable number of injecting drug users, with all the attendant public health problems (HIV). Using the city of Tangier as a working space, this article attempts to understand the process of heroin addiction, and tries to answer the following questions: how do people become junkies? How it feels to break the social link ?How do they experience the user-sick position? Trajetórias de um vício: etnografia de usuários de heroína em Tangier (Marrocos) Resumo: Desde os anos 80, o cenário do uso ilegal de drogas mudou no Marrocos. Isso ocorreu através da introdução de novos medicamentos e novos modos de consumo. A posição geográfica de Marrocos contribuiu ativamente para facilitar o trânsito de cocaína de Sahel; heroína que chega pelos dois enclaves de Sebta e Melilla; e psicotrópicos da Europa ou em trânsito na Argélia. Os anos 2000 foram marcados pela "democratização" de certas drogas, com a chegada maciça de cocaína e heroína em Marrocos, que até então estava reservada a uma clientela mais abastada. Assim, a "kahla / heroína", introduzida no norte a um preço de cerca de 20 dirhams (2 euros) por grama, gerou um número considerável de usuários de drogas injetáveis. Usando a cidade de Tânger como espaço de trabalho, este artigo tenta entender o processo do vício em heroína e tenta responder às seguintes perguntas: como as pessoas se tornam viciadas? Como é romper o vínculo social? Como eles experimentam a posição de usuário doente? Palavra-Chave: drogas; heroína; consumo; vício; Marrocos;
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The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights.... more
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process and is the context that the EU enters as an external player. Its presence is perceived as ambivalent, even neocolonial; its practices are not seen as supportive of the local fight for democracy, but as a source to use by emerging players, which is evidence of the competition for resources among the different actors in Morocco’s political system.
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« Migration : intégration, identité et mobilité », ces études, centré(e)s sur le Maroc en tant que pays de transition, ont été faites initialement par des chercheur/ses en Master et Doctorat, Marocain(e)s et migrant(e)s. Elles ont des... more
« Migration : intégration, identité et mobilité », ces études, centré(e)s sur le Maroc en tant que pays de transition, ont été faites initialement par des chercheur/ses en Master et Doctorat, Marocain(e)s et migrant(e)s. Elles ont des effets réels sur les politiques et les pratiques. Elles soulignent par ailleurs la précarité que certain(e)s migrant(e)s et réfugié(e)s vivent au Maroc, surtout dans les domaines de l’éducation, de l’intégration économique et de l’accès au logement.
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repenser la pratique de l'anthropologue au Maroc comme cadre de penser et de d'action
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Cycle of on-line seminars "Migration, borders and solidarities along the routes to Europe. Highlights from Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Belgium, French Guyana, Mayotte" – September 30, 2020, 6 and October 13, 2020 (EN) Assuming the... more
Cycle of on-line seminars "Migration, borders and solidarities along the routes to Europe. Highlights from Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Belgium, French Guyana, Mayotte" – September 30, 2020, 6 and October 13, 2020 (EN)
Assuming the turbulent dimension of migrations and the dynamism of migrant trajectories as starting points, our recent research lines focuses on unauthorized movements as a variable social construction that can be originally explored from the perspective of solidarity networks supporting migrants in transit. Since the beginning of the “migration crisis” in 2015, the term “solidarity” has been widely employed in Europe by local and transnational networks supporting migrants. While becoming increasingly important and prominent actors in contemporary Europe, these solidarity networks are still understudied and have only recently been addressed in migration studies.
The aim is to observe these phenomena on the wider scale of “Europe at large” conceived as the combination of EU countries where restrictive internal border policies reappeared, Mediterranean countries on the fringes of the EU exposed to the externalization of its borders, Outermost Regions of the EU in South America and in the Indian Ocean, that are at the centre of understudied migratory systems and where new border policies are being tested. From Visual Sociology Research Group, Centro Studi Medì and Urmis (Unité de Recherches Migrations et Sociétés), co-organisers of the cycle of on-line seminars, with our international partners (Association for Migration Research, Université de Liège, Université de Sousse, Université de Meknès, Université de Guyane, Centre Universitaire de Mayotte), we will discuss about these central topics through a cycle of on-line seminars in French, presenting our on-going researches and debating innovative research lines in contemporary migration and border studies.
Assuming the turbulent dimension of migrations and the dynamism of migrant trajectories as starting points, our recent research lines focuses on unauthorized movements as a variable social construction that can be originally explored from the perspective of solidarity networks supporting migrants in transit. Since the beginning of the “migration crisis” in 2015, the term “solidarity” has been widely employed in Europe by local and transnational networks supporting migrants. While becoming increasingly important and prominent actors in contemporary Europe, these solidarity networks are still understudied and have only recently been addressed in migration studies.
The aim is to observe these phenomena on the wider scale of “Europe at large” conceived as the combination of EU countries where restrictive internal border policies reappeared, Mediterranean countries on the fringes of the EU exposed to the externalization of its borders, Outermost Regions of the EU in South America and in the Indian Ocean, that are at the centre of understudied migratory systems and where new border policies are being tested. From Visual Sociology Research Group, Centro Studi Medì and Urmis (Unité de Recherches Migrations et Sociétés), co-organisers of the cycle of on-line seminars, with our international partners (Association for Migration Research, Université de Liège, Université de Sousse, Université de Meknès, Université de Guyane, Centre Universitaire de Mayotte), we will discuss about these central topics through a cycle of on-line seminars in French, presenting our on-going researches and debating innovative research lines in contemporary migration and border studies.